北斗卫星导航系统典型应用
1、军队特殊应用
基于北斗卫星系统的军队特殊应用,包括如下: 陆军机械化摩步师、机械化装甲师的战车监控指挥; 空降部队的战场指挥与救援; 飞机作战空中态势感知和指挥; 导弹飞行姿态控制及目标引导; 海军舰艇的导航及授时; 水中兵器的布设及控制;
上述应用,目前已经在各军兵种逐渐展开应用。
2、公共领域的应急指挥救援系统 基于北斗卫星系统的指挥救援系统,是利用北斗卫星系统,由移动车辆获取自身的空间位置信息(PVT),然后利用地面公众无线移动网络(GAM\CDMA\3G\4G)作为信息传输链路,建立对运动目标实时监控、指挥,重点提高对野外运动目标监控效率和预警能力;在地面公众无线移动网络不能覆盖的作业区域,则可以利用北斗卫星系统的短信息通信能力,实现移动目标的位置信息上报。
公共领域的北斗应急救援指挥系统,目前已经在如下行业应用如: 新疆公安厅; 国家地质调查局生产安全保障中心; 国家民政部应急救灾指挥中心; 武警森林警察防火应急指挥中心; 武警三峡库区安全管理中心;
3、移动载体的位置监控 移动载体的位置监控,主要是利用北斗的卫星定位功能,实现移动载体自身位置信息的获取;然后利用公共无线网络(联通、移动、电信)将位置信息上报指挥中心,从而实现指挥中心对移动载体的位置监控,并建立移动载体与指挥中心之间的数据和语音通信联络。 在公共无线网络不能覆盖的边缘区域,可利用北斗卫星的短信息报文功能,实现位置上报和数据通信联络。
移动载体的位置监控,目前已经在如下行业应用: 海南、浙江、江苏、辽宁、山东、广西、河北等地的渔船作业监控; 军队后勤保障部门的军事运输监控; 贵州省的防爆品运输监控; 中石油运输车辆监控等;
4、水文、气象、防汛、海洋等远程数据传输 我国幅员辽阔,自然灾害多发,给人民的生命财产造成了重大损失。国家行业主管部门为做到早预防、必须利用一切可能的技术手段,建立水文、气象、防汛、海洋等远程数据收集传递系统。
远程数据传输,目前已经在如下行业应用: 国家气象局南沙海岛气象观测站建设; 西藏、新疆、云南、河北、四川等地的防汛系统建设; 广西、辽宁、青海等地的水文观测站建设。
5、精细农业作业 借助卫星定位导航系统,实现农业机械的自动化和精细化作业,减少农机作业遗漏和重叠现象的发生,实现24小时连续厘米级精确作业(包括耙地、起垄、精密播种、施肥、撒药等),从而提高农机工作效率。
随着卫星定位导航技术的发展,精细农业在我国的大面积农业作业区,获得了发展。如黑龙江农垦局、新疆建设兵团、内蒙等地区。
6、地质环境、山体、坡坝的形变高精度测量 我国是地质灾害多发的国家。2003年国务院颁发的《地质灾害防治条例》涉及的地质灾害包括崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉降、体面塌陷和地裂缝等,严重危害人民的生命财产安全和生存环境以及国家的重大工程建设。近年来,随着卫星导航技术的发展,利用高精度卫星定位技术监测地质环境、山体、坡坝等的微小形变,已经获得广泛应用。
7、精确授时 时间向来是有标准的。如北京时间、巴黎时间、格林尼治时间等。但是传统的各计时设备相互没有关联并缺少时间基准造成存在的时间误差。卫星定位导航系统 则是 利用卫星上安装的高稳定度原子钟,将时间信息发布到地面,地面设备同时接收卫星广播的时钟信号,从而实现全球统一的时间基准。
主要授时的应用领域如下: 通信行业数字同步网建设—作为区域基准钟的主用基准; 电力时间同步 办公管理网络时间同步; 作战网络时间同步; 铁路机车运行系统。
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