CentOS 6.8操作系统安装PostGIS笔记
目录
CentOS 6.8操作系统安装PostGIS笔记
首先顺便利一下SSH工具的选择。因为我不能操作安装CentOS系统的机器，只能远程操作。所以在工作进行之前必须选择一款好的SSH工具。以前操作Oracle
Red Hat Enterprise Linux系统的时候用SSHSecureShellClient工具挺顺手的。这次远程登录到CentOS操作系统后中文全部乱码。于是选择了PuTTY工具。
首先在Windows系统上启动PuTTY，远程登录到CentOS系统，如下所示：
login as: root
root@192.168.8.155's password:
Active connection state: activated
Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2
[root@db ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog安装PostgreSQL
安装大型软件经常要拷贝文件，需要创建一个固定的文件夹用来存放专用文件。
[root@db /]# mkdir /home/postgis
[root@db /]# ls -l /home/postgis
total 0
[root@db /]#CentOS软件列表默认没有PostgresSQL，所有要先从PostgreSQL下载rpm包。这个包主要用来在软件源中加入PostgreSQL，以便使用yum
install命令安装。下载链接如下：
http://yum.postgresql.org/9.4/redhat/rhel6x86_64/pgdgredhat949.41.noarch.rpm
我放到了F盘的根目录。接下来要用SSH管道传递到远程服务器。与PuTTY配套的工具还有很多，这里使用配套的PSCP工具。我把pscp.exe复制到了Windows目录，这样不用设置环境不用切换目录，打开Windows控制台窗口，输入命令，如下所示：
C:\Users\xuesongshu>pscp f:\pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm root@192.168.8.155:/home/postgis
root@192.168.8.155's password:
pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarc | 5 kB | 5.2 kB/s | ETA: 00:00:00 | 100%
C:\Users\xuesongshu>然后安装：
[root@db /]# cd /home/postgis
[root@db postgis]# yum install pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm login as: root
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Examining pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch
Marking pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm to be installed
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile如下图所示，输入Y：
至此提示则成功
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch 1/1
Installed:
pgdg-redhat94.noarch 0:9.4-1
Complete!
[root@db postgis]#输入命令安装PostgreSQL，如下所示：
[root@db postgis]# yum install postgresql94-server postgresql94-contrib在随后的提示中都输入Y即可，静待下载和安装，等待时间由网速决定。出现以下提示则表示安装成功。
Installed:
postgresql94-contrib.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6
postgresql94-server.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6
Dependency Installed:
postgresql94.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6
postgresql94-libs.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6
Complete!
[root@db postgis]#配置PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL以默认方式安装完成之后不能马上投入使用，必须进行配置。首先初始化并启动服务，如下所示：
[root@db /]# service postgresql-9.4 initdb
Initializing database: [ OK ]
[root@db /]# chkconfig postgresql-9.4 on
[root@db /]#编辑pg_hba.conf，如下所示：
[root@db /]# cd /var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data
[root@db data]# ls
base pg_ident.conf pg_replslot pg_subtrans postgresql.auto.conf
global pg_log pg_serial pg_tblspc postgresql.conf
pg_clog pg_logical pg_snapshots pg_twophase
pg_dynshmem pg_multixact pg_stat PG_VERSION
pg_hba.conf pg_notify pg_stat_tmp pg_xlog
[root@db data]# vi pg_hba.conf按向下键快速向后找到以下文字：
# Put your actual configuration here
# ----------------------------------
#
# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
# "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD紧接在这里的是PostgreSQL的服务配置：
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 ident
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 ident
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local replication postgres peer
#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 ident
#host replication postgres ::1/128 ident按shift+I键进入编辑状态，改成如下所示：
然后按Esc键，输入:wq!命令保存文件，如下图所示。
编辑postgresql.conf文件，如下所示：
[root@db data]# vi postgresql.conf按向下键快速向后查看找到以下文字：
#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
#external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -紧接下来的是服务配置文字如下：
# - Connection Settings -
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)按shift+I键进入编辑状态，改成如下所示：
按Esc键后输入:wq!保存文件。
编辑环境变量，如下所示：
[root@db data]# cd /etc/
[root@db etc]# vi profile
按向下键快速向后移到光标，找到以下文字：
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL改成：
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql-9.4
export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL按Esc键，输入:wq!，然后回车保存文件。
使环境变量立即生效，如下所示：
[root@db etc]# source /etc/profile
Active connection state: activated
Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3
[root@db etc]#如果防火墙已经打开，那么输入以下命令关闭防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service如果企业用户没有网关防火墙则不建议直接关闭防火墙，而是增加端口规则。
PostgreSQL服务不允许以root身份启动，所以要切换到postgres用户。首先可看postgres用户是否存在。
[root@db etc]# cat /etc/passwd | grep -i postgres
postgres:x:26:26:PostgreSQL Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash
[root@db etc]#如果输出为空则表示用户不存在，需要新建用户。如果已经存在，则需要修改用户密码。用户密码需要分两步修改。首先修改系统的postgres用户的密码：
[root@db etc]# passwd postgres
Changing password for user postgres.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@db etc]#切换到postgres用户：
[root@db etc]# su postgres
bash-4.1$尝试重启或启动PostgreSQL服务
bash-4.1$ pg_ctl restart
pg_ctl: PID file "/var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data/postmaster.pid" does not exist
Is server running?
starting server anyway
pg_ctl: could not read file "/var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data/postmaster.opts"
bash-4.1$ pg_ctl start
server starting
bash-4.1$ < 2016-06-28 23:46:04.688 CST >LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
< 2016-06-28 23:46:04.688 CST >HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
bash-4.1$注意服务启动成功时命令行没有返回用户的bash，按一下回车即可。
进入psql命令行：
bash-4.1$ psql
psql (9.4.8)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#修改数据库的postgres用户的密码：
alter user postgres with password '最好与系统的用户密码相同';命令中的红色文字请自行更改为您自己的密码，然后执行命令，如下所示：
postgres=# alter user postgres with password '不告诉你^_^^_^';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=#退出测试一下：
postgres=# \q
bash-4.1$ psql -h 192.168.8.155 -p 5432 -d postgres -U postgres -W
Password for user postgres:
psql (9.4.8)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#至此可以用pgAdmin工具远程登录数据库系统了。
安装PostGIS
首选检查PostGIS是否存在源列表中：
postgres=# \q
bash-4.1$ exit
exit
[root@db etc]# yum list | grep -i postgis
postgis.x86_64 1.3.6-1.el6.rf rpmforge
postgis-utils.x86_64 1.3.6-1.el6.rf rpmforge
postgis2_94.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94
postgis2_94-client.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94
postgis2_94-debuginfo.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94
postgis2_94-devel.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94
postgis2_94-docs.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94
postgis2_94-utils.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94
[root@db etc]#尝试安装：
[root@db etc]# yum install postgis2_94如果出现这些提示，则表示缺少依赖项：
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libnetcdf.so.6()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libdap.so.11()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libspatialite.so.2()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libfreexl.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libdapserver.so.7()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libCharLS.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)
Requires: libarmadillo.so.4()(64bit)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest从网上下载epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm，放到F盘根目录。下载地址是：
http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epelrelease68
用pscp工具上传到远程服务器，如下所示：
C:\Users\xuesongshu>pscp f:\epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm root@192.168.8.155:/home/postgis
root@192.168.8.155's password:
epel-release-6-8.noarch.r | 14 kB | 14.2 kB/s | ETA: 00:00:00 | 100%
C:\Users\xuesongshu>安装epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm，如下所示：
[root@db etc]# cd /home/postgis
[root@db postgis]# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
warning: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
[root@db postgis]#再次运行：
[root@db postgis]# yum install postgis2_94静静等待下载安装即可，等待时间取决于网速。在所有的询问中一律输入Y，最后安装成功时如下所示：
Complete!
[root@db postgis]#测试建立空间数据库：
-bash-4.1$ psql -c "CREATE DATABASE test01;"
CREATE DATABASE
-bash-4.1$ psql -d test01 -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis;"
CREATE EXTENSION
-bash-4.1$ psql -d test01
psql (9.4.8)可以输入 “help”来获取帮助信息，下面是查询已安装的PostGIS的版本
test01=# select postgis_full_version();
注意: Function postgis_topology_scripts_installed() not found. Is topology support enabled and topology.sql installed?
postgis_
full_version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
POSTGIS="2.1.8 r13780" GEOS="3.4.2-CAPI-1.8.2 r3921" PROJ="Rel. 4.8.0, 6 March
2012" GDAL="GDAL 1.9.2, released 2012/10/08" LIBXML="2.7.6" LIBJSON="UNKNOWN" RA
STER
(1 行记录)
test01=#
转载自：https://blog.csdn.net/caoshiying/article/details/51778207
